Tenses

 1. Simple Present Tense

We use the present simple for things that are true in general, repeated actions or daily habits, or action set by a schedule.

Forms :

(+) S + V1 (s/es)	Kay drinks tea every morning.
(-) S + do/does not + V1	Kay does not/doesn’t drink tea every morning.
(?) Do/does + S + V1?	Does Kay drink tea every morning?

Or

(+) S + am/is/are + non verb	John is a lawyer.
(-) S + am/is/are not + non verb	John is not/isn’t a lawyer.
(?) Am/is/are + S + non verb?	Is John a lawyer?

Signal words :

Every hour, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, in the morning, once a week, on Sunday, at five o’clock, etc.

 2. Present Continuous Tense

We use present continuous to show an action that happening now or action taking place in the moment of speaking.

Forms :

(+) S + am/is/are + V-ing	Ayu is reading a book now.
(-) S + am/is/are  not+ V-ing	Ayu isn’t reading a book now.
(?) Am/is/are + S + V-ing?	Is Ayu reading a book now?

Signal words :

At the moment, just now, now, right now, etc.

3. Present Perfect Tense

We use present perfect to show an action that has taken place once, several times, or never before the moment of speaking, or an action in the past with a result now.

Forms :

(+) S + have/has + V3	I have swept the floor.
(-) S + have/has not + V3	I haven’t swept the floor.
(?) Have/has + S + V3?	Have I swept the floor?

Or

(+) S + have/has + been + non verb	I have been here for 2 hours.
(-)S + have/has not + been + non verb	I have not been here for 2 hours.
(?) Have/has + S + been + non verb?	Have I been here for 2 hours?

 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We use present perfect continuous to show an action that began in the past and is still going on until now.

Forms :

(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing	My brother has been living here for 4 years.
(-) S + have/has not + been + V-ing	My brother hasn’t been living here for 4 years.
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing?	Has your brother been living here for 4 years?

Signal words :

All day, for 3 years, since, etc.

5. Simple Past Tense

We use simple past to show an action that happened in the past and the time of occurrence is known.

Forms :

(+) S + V2	They played football yesterday.
(-) S + did not + V1	They didn’t play football yesterday.
(?) Did + S + V1?	Did they play football yesterday?

Signal Words :

yesterday,  last night, 5 minutes ago, in 1997, the other day, etc.

  

6. Past Continuous Tense

We use past continuous to show an action that occured in the past, or actions taking place at the same time.

Forms :

(+) S + was/were + V-ing	We were going to the cinema last night.
(-) S + was/were not + V-ing	We were not going to the cinema last night.
(?) Was/were + S + V-ing?	Were we going to the cinema last night?
When/while + S1 + simple past + S2 + past continuous	When I came home, Lisa was watching tv.
S1 + Past continuous + While + S2 + past continuous	Dilan was playing the guitar while I was singing a song.

Signal words :

When, while, as long as.

  

7. Past Perfect Tense

We use past perfect to show an action which had finished before some other action happened in the past.

Forms :

(+) S + had + V3	Rudi had gone to campus before he met me.
(-) S + had not + V3	Rudi had not gone to campus before he met me.
(?) Had + S + V3?	Had Rudi gone to campus before he met me?

 8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

We use past perfect continuous to show an action that had occured in the past and still continued at that time.

Forms :

(+) S + had + been + V-ing	Devi had been living in Bali for 7 years before she moved here.
(-) S + had not + been + V-ing	Devi had not been living in Bali for 7 years before she moved here.
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing?	Had Devi been living in Bali for 7 years before she moved here?

Signal words :

For, since.

  

9. Simple Future Tense

We use Simple future to show an action that will occur in the future.

Forms :

(+) S + will + V1	She will go to Paris tomorrow.
(-) S + will not + V1	She will not go to Paris tomorrow.
(?) Will + S + V1?	Will she go to Paris tomorrow?

Or

(+) S + am/is/are + going to	We are going to swim next week.
(-) S + am/is/are not + going to	We aren’t going to swim next week.
(?) Am/is/are + S + going to?	Are we going to swim next week?

Signal words :

Tomorrow, from now, next, when.

  

10. Future Continuous Tense

We use future continuous to show an action that will be happening at a certain time in the future.

Forms :

(+) S + will + be + V-ing	My mother will be cooking at this time tomorrow.
(-) S + will not + be + V-ing	My mother will not be cooking at this time tomorrow.
(?) Will + S + be + V-ing?	Will my mother be cooking at this time tomorrow?

Signal words :

Tomorrow, next week, etc.

  

11. Future Perfect Tense

We use future perfect to show  an action that will be finished at a certain time in the future

Forms :

(+) S + will + have + V3	They will have finished work, by the end of this month.
(-) S + will not + have + V3	They will not have finished work, by the end of this month.
(?) Will + S + have + V3?	Will they have finished work, by the end of this month?

Signal words :

By the end of, in a week, etc.

  

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

We use future perfect continuous to show action that will have been happening at a certain time in the future.

Forms :

(+) S + will + have + been + V-ing	I will be working at 8 a.m. tomorrow.
(-) S + will not + have + been + V-ing	I will not be working at 8 a.m. tomorrow.
(?) Will + S + have + been + V-ing?	Will I be working at 8 a.m. tomorrow?

Signal words :

In one year, next week, tomorrow, etc.

  

13. Simple Past Future Tense

Forms :

(+) S + would + V1	I would come to your birthday party.
(-) S + would not + V1	I would not come to your birthday party.
(?) Would + S + V1?	Would you come to my birthday party?

 14. Past Future Continuous Tense

We use past future continuous to show an action that would be happening in the past.

Forms :

(+) S + would + be + V-ing	My mom would be cooking at this hour yesterday.
(-) S + would not + be + V-ing	My mom wouldn’t be cooking at this hour yesterday.
(?) Would + S + be + V-ing?	Would your mom be cooking at this hour yesterday?

 15. Past Future Perfect Tense

We use past future perfect to show an action that would have occurred in the past.

Forms :

(+) S + would + have + V3	I would have sent him a letter yesterday.
(-) S + would not + have + V3	I wouldn’t have sent him a letter yesterday.
(?) Would + S + have + V3?	Would you have sent him a letter yesterday?

 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

We use past future perfect continuous to show an action that would have been happening in the past.

Forms :

(+) S + would + have + been + V-ing	He would have been looking happy for the gift last night.
(-) S + would not + have + been + V-ing	He would not have been looking happy for the gift last night.
(?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing	Would he have been looking happy for the gift last night?

Parangtritis Beach

Four years ago, after school, I, Latifah, Talitha, and Silvi exactly ‘my bestie’ wanted to go sightseeing.  We confused where we were going. Finally, we decided to go to the beach parangtritis. This was the first time I went to the beach parangtritris after 3 years in Yogyakarta. At that time, we went by motorcycles. I'm with Silvi, and Talitha with Latifah. From school to the beach,  spend time approximately 40 minutes.

 

Arriving there, we put our bags and immediately took off our shoes to play water. We were having fun, joking and laughing together, and take some pictures. A few minutes later, we went looking for a meal. On where to eat it, I forgot what we had ordered because it had been longer. But I bet, there we ordered coconut ice hahaha. After ate, we went home.

This is my valuable memories with my best friend when I was in senior high school, because we could assemble..  Now we are apart. Difficult  to be together again. So sad, I miss them all...